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at the commencement of a speech

  • 1 principia

    princĭpĭum, ii, n. [princeps], a beginning, commencement, origin (class.; syn.: primordia, initium).
    I.
    In gen.:

    origo principii nulla est: nam ex principio oriuntur omnia,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

    quid est cujus principium aliquod sit, nihil sit extremum?

    id. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

    nec principium, nec finem habere,

    id. Sen. 21, 78:

    cujus criminis neque principium invenire, neque evolvere exitum possum,

    id. Cael. 23, 56:

    hic fons, hoc principium est movendi,

    id. Rep. 6, 25, 27:

    bellorum atque imperiorum,

    id. Balb. 3, 9:

    principium pontis,

    Tac. A. 1, 69:

    principio lucis,

    at daybreak, Amm. 25, 5, 1:

    in principiis dicendi,

    at the commencement of a speech, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121;

    so of a declaration in a lawsuit,

    Juv. 6, 245:

    suave quoddam principium dicendi,

    Amm. 30, 4, 19: principia ducere ab aliquo, to derive, deduce:

    omnium rerum magnarum principia a dis immortalibus ducuntur,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    principium urbis,

    id. Off. 1, 17, 54:

    scribendi recte sapere est et principium et fons,

    Hor. A. P. 309:

    omne principium huc refer,

    id. C. 3, 6, 6:

    a Jove principium,

    Verg. E. 3, 60:

    anni,

    Liv. 1, 4:

    a sanguine Teucri Ducere principium,

    Ov. M. 13, 705:

    capessere,

    to begin, Tac. A. 15, 49.—Adverb.: principio, a principio, in principio, at or in the beginning, at first:

    principio... postea, etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 35, 75:

    principio generi animantium omni est a naturā tributum, ut se tueatur,

    id. Off. 1, 4, 11; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Fin. 1, 6, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 39; id. And. 3, 3, 38; Verg. A. 6, 214; Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; so,

    a principio: ac vellem a principio te audissem, etc.,

    id. Att. 7, 1, 2:

    dixeram a principio, de re publicā ut sileremus,

    id. Brut. 42, 157:

    in principio,

    id. de Or. 1, 48, 210:

    principio ut,

    as soon as, Plaut. Merc. prol. 40; v. Ritschl ad h. l.— Rarely of the boundaries of a country or people:

    adusque principia Carmanorum,

    Amm. 23, 6, 74.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Plur., beginnings, foundations, principles, elements (class.):

    bene provisa et diligenter explorata principia ponantur,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37:

    juris,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 18:

    naturae,

    id. Off. 3, 12, 52;

    for which: principia naturalia,

    id. Fin. 3, 5, 17; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 35:

    principia rerum, ex quibus omnia constant,

    first principles, elements, id. Ac. 2, 36, 117.—

    Prov.: obsta principiis (cf. the French: ce n'est que le premier pas qui coute),

    Ov. R. Am. 91.—
    B.
    That makes a beginning, that votes first: tribus principium fuit, pro tribu Q. Fabius primus scivit, Lex Thoria, Rudorff. p. 142; Lex Appar. ap. Haubold, Moment. Leg. p. 85; Plebissc. ap. Front. Aquaed. 129:

    Faucia curia fuit principium,

    was the first to vote, Liv. 9, 38 fin. —
    2.
    In gen., a beginner, originator, founder, ancestor ( poet.):

    Graecia principium moris fuit,

    Ov. F. 2, 37:

    mihi Belus avorum Principium,

    ancestor, progenitor, Sil. 15, 748.—Here, too, prob. belongs PRINCIPIA SACRA, Æneas and [p. 1446] his successors in Lavinium, ancestors whom the Latins and Romans honored as deities, Inscr. Orell. 2276.—
    C.
    In milit. lang.: princĭpĭa, ōrum, n.
    1.
    The foremost ranks, the front line of soldiers, the front or van of an army:

    post principia,

    behind the front, Liv. 2, 65; cf.:

    hic ero post principia, inde omnibus signum dabo,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11: post principia paulatim recedunt, Sisenn. ap. Non. 135, 31: deinde ipse paulatim procedere;

    Marium post principia habere,

    Sall. J. 50, 2:

    traversis principiis, in planum deducit,

    id. ib. 49, 6:

    equites post principia collocat,

    Liv. 3, 22; Tac. H. 2, 43. —
    2.
    The staff-officers, members of the council of war (post-class.):

    mittere principia,

    Front. Strat. 2, 5, 30:

    a principiis salutari,

    Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10:

    advocatis legionum principiis et turmarum,

    Amm. 25, 5, 1; Cod. 12, 47, 1.—
    3.
    A large open space in a camp, in which were the tents of the general, lieutenants, and tribunes, together with the standards, and where speeches were made and councils held; the general's quarters:

    jura reddere in principiis,

    Liv. 28, 24:

    in principiis ac praetorio in unum sermones confundi,

    id. 7, 12:

    castrorum,

    Just. 11, 6, 6:

    in castris,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 4, 1:

    in principiis statuit tabernaculum, eoque omnes cotidie convenire (jussit), ut ibi de summis rebus consilia caperentur,

    Nep. Eum. 7, 2; Suet. Oth. 1; 6; Flor. 3, 10, 12:

    primores centurionum et paucos militum in principia vocat,

    Tac. H. 3, 13; 1, 48; Dig. 49, 16, 12; cf. Front. Strat. 4, 1, 16.—
    D.
    Precedence, preference, the first place:

    principium ergo, columenque omnium rerum preti margaritae tenent,

    Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 106. —
    E.
    Plur., selections, selected passages:

    principiorum libri circumferuntur, quia existimatur pars aliqua etiam sine ceteris esse perfecta,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 12.—
    2.
    In partic., mastery, dominion (post-class.): archê, magisterium, magistratus, praesidatus, principium, Gloss. Philox.: in Graeco principii vocabulum, quod est archê, non tantum ordinativum, sed et potestativum capit principatum, Tert. adv. Hermog. 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > principia

  • 2 principium

    princĭpĭum, ii, n. [princeps], a beginning, commencement, origin (class.; syn.: primordia, initium).
    I.
    In gen.:

    origo principii nulla est: nam ex principio oriuntur omnia,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

    quid est cujus principium aliquod sit, nihil sit extremum?

    id. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

    nec principium, nec finem habere,

    id. Sen. 21, 78:

    cujus criminis neque principium invenire, neque evolvere exitum possum,

    id. Cael. 23, 56:

    hic fons, hoc principium est movendi,

    id. Rep. 6, 25, 27:

    bellorum atque imperiorum,

    id. Balb. 3, 9:

    principium pontis,

    Tac. A. 1, 69:

    principio lucis,

    at daybreak, Amm. 25, 5, 1:

    in principiis dicendi,

    at the commencement of a speech, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121;

    so of a declaration in a lawsuit,

    Juv. 6, 245:

    suave quoddam principium dicendi,

    Amm. 30, 4, 19: principia ducere ab aliquo, to derive, deduce:

    omnium rerum magnarum principia a dis immortalibus ducuntur,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    principium urbis,

    id. Off. 1, 17, 54:

    scribendi recte sapere est et principium et fons,

    Hor. A. P. 309:

    omne principium huc refer,

    id. C. 3, 6, 6:

    a Jove principium,

    Verg. E. 3, 60:

    anni,

    Liv. 1, 4:

    a sanguine Teucri Ducere principium,

    Ov. M. 13, 705:

    capessere,

    to begin, Tac. A. 15, 49.—Adverb.: principio, a principio, in principio, at or in the beginning, at first:

    principio... postea, etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 35, 75:

    principio generi animantium omni est a naturā tributum, ut se tueatur,

    id. Off. 1, 4, 11; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Fin. 1, 6, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 39; id. And. 3, 3, 38; Verg. A. 6, 214; Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; so,

    a principio: ac vellem a principio te audissem, etc.,

    id. Att. 7, 1, 2:

    dixeram a principio, de re publicā ut sileremus,

    id. Brut. 42, 157:

    in principio,

    id. de Or. 1, 48, 210:

    principio ut,

    as soon as, Plaut. Merc. prol. 40; v. Ritschl ad h. l.— Rarely of the boundaries of a country or people:

    adusque principia Carmanorum,

    Amm. 23, 6, 74.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Plur., beginnings, foundations, principles, elements (class.):

    bene provisa et diligenter explorata principia ponantur,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37:

    juris,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 18:

    naturae,

    id. Off. 3, 12, 52;

    for which: principia naturalia,

    id. Fin. 3, 5, 17; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 35:

    principia rerum, ex quibus omnia constant,

    first principles, elements, id. Ac. 2, 36, 117.—

    Prov.: obsta principiis (cf. the French: ce n'est que le premier pas qui coute),

    Ov. R. Am. 91.—
    B.
    That makes a beginning, that votes first: tribus principium fuit, pro tribu Q. Fabius primus scivit, Lex Thoria, Rudorff. p. 142; Lex Appar. ap. Haubold, Moment. Leg. p. 85; Plebissc. ap. Front. Aquaed. 129:

    Faucia curia fuit principium,

    was the first to vote, Liv. 9, 38 fin. —
    2.
    In gen., a beginner, originator, founder, ancestor ( poet.):

    Graecia principium moris fuit,

    Ov. F. 2, 37:

    mihi Belus avorum Principium,

    ancestor, progenitor, Sil. 15, 748.—Here, too, prob. belongs PRINCIPIA SACRA, Æneas and [p. 1446] his successors in Lavinium, ancestors whom the Latins and Romans honored as deities, Inscr. Orell. 2276.—
    C.
    In milit. lang.: princĭpĭa, ōrum, n.
    1.
    The foremost ranks, the front line of soldiers, the front or van of an army:

    post principia,

    behind the front, Liv. 2, 65; cf.:

    hic ero post principia, inde omnibus signum dabo,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11: post principia paulatim recedunt, Sisenn. ap. Non. 135, 31: deinde ipse paulatim procedere;

    Marium post principia habere,

    Sall. J. 50, 2:

    traversis principiis, in planum deducit,

    id. ib. 49, 6:

    equites post principia collocat,

    Liv. 3, 22; Tac. H. 2, 43. —
    2.
    The staff-officers, members of the council of war (post-class.):

    mittere principia,

    Front. Strat. 2, 5, 30:

    a principiis salutari,

    Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10:

    advocatis legionum principiis et turmarum,

    Amm. 25, 5, 1; Cod. 12, 47, 1.—
    3.
    A large open space in a camp, in which were the tents of the general, lieutenants, and tribunes, together with the standards, and where speeches were made and councils held; the general's quarters:

    jura reddere in principiis,

    Liv. 28, 24:

    in principiis ac praetorio in unum sermones confundi,

    id. 7, 12:

    castrorum,

    Just. 11, 6, 6:

    in castris,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 4, 1:

    in principiis statuit tabernaculum, eoque omnes cotidie convenire (jussit), ut ibi de summis rebus consilia caperentur,

    Nep. Eum. 7, 2; Suet. Oth. 1; 6; Flor. 3, 10, 12:

    primores centurionum et paucos militum in principia vocat,

    Tac. H. 3, 13; 1, 48; Dig. 49, 16, 12; cf. Front. Strat. 4, 1, 16.—
    D.
    Precedence, preference, the first place:

    principium ergo, columenque omnium rerum preti margaritae tenent,

    Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 106. —
    E.
    Plur., selections, selected passages:

    principiorum libri circumferuntur, quia existimatur pars aliqua etiam sine ceteris esse perfecta,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 12.—
    2.
    In partic., mastery, dominion (post-class.): archê, magisterium, magistratus, praesidatus, principium, Gloss. Philox.: in Graeco principii vocabulum, quod est archê, non tantum ordinativum, sed et potestativum capit principatum, Tert. adv. Hermog. 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > principium

  • 3 valens

    vălĕo, ui, itum, 2, v. n. [kindr. with Sanscr. bala, vis, robur, balishtas, fortissimus; cf. debilis], to be strong.
    I.
    Lit., of physical strength, vigor, or health.
    A.
    In gen., to be strong, stout, or vigorous, to have strength (cf.: polleo, vigeo).
    1.
    Absol.: verum illi valent, qui vi luctantur cum leonibus, Pomp. ap. Non. 112, 4 (Com. Rel. v. 176 Rib.):

    puer ille (Hercules recens natus) ut magnus est et multum valet!

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 51: plus potest, qui plus valet: Vir erat;

    plus valebat,

    id. Truc. 4, 3, 38 sq.:

    sanus homo, qui bene valet,

    Cels. 1, 1 init.:

    si magis valet,

    id. 3, 18:

    si satis valet (= si satis validae vires sunt, just before),

    id. 4, 7 init.:

    prout nervi valent,

    id. 8, 16.—Of plants:

    vitem novellam resecari tum erit tempus ubi valebit,

    Cato, R. R. 33, 3 sq. —
    2.
    To be strong in or for something, to have the power or strength, be in condition to do something, etc.
    a.
    Of personal subjects, etc.
    (α).
    With ad and acc.:

    alios videmus velocitate ad cursum, alios viribus ad luctandum valere,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 107.—
    (β).
    With inf.:

    manibus pedibusque morbo distortissimis, ut neque calceum perpeti nec libellos evolvere valeret,

    Suet. Galb. 21:

    mustela cum mures veloces non valeret assequi,

    Phaedr. 4, 1, 10:

    valet ima summis Mutare deus,

    Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; cf. II. B. 2. h. infra; cf.:

    illud mirari mitte, quod non valet e lapide hoc alias impellere res,

    Lucr. 6, 1057:

    versate diu quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri (sc. ferre),

    Hor. A. P. 40:

    nec valuere manus infixum educere telum,

    Ov. M. 13, 393; 12, 101; Col. 6, 25 fin. —
    b.
    Of remedies or medicines, to be efficacious, be good for any thing; with ad and acc.:

    fimum potum ad dysentericos valet,

    Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 105.—With contra:

    cimices valent contra serpentium morsus,

    Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—With eodem:

    id quoque collyrium eodem valet,

    Cels. 6, 6, 21.—With pro:

    ruta per se pro antidoto valet,

    Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 132.—With abl.:

    dictamnus valet potu et illitu et suffitu,

    Plin. 26, 15, 90, § 153.— With inf.:

    sandaracha valet purgare, sistere, excalfacere, perrodere,

    Plin. 34, 18, 55, § 177.—
    c.
    Of sounds: cum C ac similiter G non valuerunt, in T ac D molliuntur, i. e. were not pronounced strongly, Quint. 1, 11, 5.—
    B.
    Esp., in respect of the natural condition of the body, to be well in health, to be in a sound or healthy condition, to be healthy, hale, hearty.
    a.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    equidem valeo recte et salvus sum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 36:

    perpetuon' valuisti?

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 15; 1, 1, 18:

    valen'? Valuistin? valeo et valui rectius,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 12 sq.: facile omnes, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus, Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

    dicit vilicus servos non valuisse,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 3 sq.; 5, 6:

    boves ut recte valeant,

    id. ib. 103:

    optime valere et gravissime aegrotare,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 43; 4, 25, 69:

    cura est, ut valeat,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 4:

    ego valeo recte et rem gero,

    id. Pers. 2, 3, 34:

    te recte valere operamque dare, ut cottidie melius,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1: deterius quam soleo, Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 1:

    commode,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11: Ni. Benene usque valuit? Chr. Pancratice atque athletice, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 14:

    minus valere... melius valere,

    Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1:

    nam matri oculi si valerent, mecum venisset simul,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 8.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    si corpore valuisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 77:

    nec melius valeo quam corpore, mente,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 33; cf. Sall. J. 11, 5:

    pedibus,

    Nep. Phoc. 4, 1:

    stomacho,

    Juv. 6, 100.—
    (γ).
    With ab and abl.:

    ab oculis,

    Gell. 13, 30, 10:

    a morbo,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26; and facetiously: Me. Ain tu te valere? Eu. Pol ego haud a pecunia perbene, as to money, not very well, id. Aul. 2, 2, 9.—
    b.
    Esp., at the commencement of letters (very freq.), si vales, bene est, and abbreviated S. V. B. E.;

    and, more fully, with the addition ego or equidem valeo (abbrev. E. V. or E. Q. V.),

    Cic. Fam. 13, 6; 14, 11; 14, 16; 14, 17; 14, 21; 14, 22; 14, 23; 14, 24; 15, 1; 15, 2; Metell. ib. 5, 1; Vatin. ib. 5, 9; Luccei. ib. 5, 14 al.; cf.:

    mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales bene est,

    Sen. Ep. 15, 1; so too: S. V. G. V. (si vales, gaudeo, valeo) et Tullia nostra recte V. Terentia minus belle habuit: sed certum scio jam convaluisse eam, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1.—
    c.
    Rarely impers. pass.:

    quid agitur, Sagaristio? ut valetur?

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 8.—
    d.
    Vale or valeas, in leave-taking, farewell, adieu (cf.: salve, ave).
    (α).
    In gen.: Di. Valeas. Ph. Vale, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 79: Ar. Vale. Ph. Quo properas? Ar. Bene vale, id. As. 3, 3, 16; id. Mil. 4, 8, 51:

    bene vale, Alcumena,

    id. Am. 1, 3, 1:

    vale atque salve,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 86; id. Curc. 4, 2, 36: vale atque salve. Th. Male vale, male sit tibi, id. ib. 4, 4, 32; v. salvus: Ly. Ad portum propero. De. Bene ambulato. Ly. Bene valeto. De. Bene sit tibi, id. Merc. 2, 2, 55:

    bene valete et vivite,

    id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

    ite intro cito: valete,

    id. As. 3, 3, 155:

    abeo: valete, judices justissimi,

    id. Capt. prol. 67:

    vos valete et plaudite,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 64:

    in hoc biduom vale,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 110:

    vive valeque,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 110.—Before a vowel, scanned vale:

    et longum, Formose vale, vale, inquit Iolla,

    Verg. E. 3, 79; Ov. M. 3, 501.—
    (β).
    At the conclusion of letters:

    Vale,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 3; 6, 21, 3; 4, 8, 2; Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 3:

    cura ut valeas,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; 7, 20, 3; rarely bene vale, Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8; Cur. ib. 7, 29, 2; cf.:

    tu me diligis et valebis,

    Cic. ib. 9, 22, 5; 15, 18, 2: fac valeas meque mutuo diligas, Planc. ib. 10, 7, 2; Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8.—
    (γ).
    Also in bidding farewell to the dead:

    salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, Aeternumque vale,

    Verg. A. 11, 97; Stat. S. 3, 3, 208; cf. Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. l. l.;

    v. salvus: in perpetuom, frater, ave atque vale,

    Cat. 101, 10:

    terque, Vale, dixit,

    Ov. F. 3, 563:

    supremumque vale... dixit,

    id. M. 10, 62.—
    (δ).
    As an expression of dismission, refusal, or scorn, be off, begone:

    valeas, tibi habeas res tuas, reddas meas,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 46:

    immo habeat, valeat, vivat cum illa,

    Ter. And. 5, 3, 18:

    valeas, habeas illam quae placet,

    id. Ad. 4, 4, 14:

    si talis est deus, ut nulla hominum caritate teneatur, valeat,

    good-by to him, let me have nothing to do with him, Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

    valeat res ludicra, si me Palma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: valeant, Qui inter nos discidium volunt, away with those, etc., Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

    quare ista valeant: me res familiaris movet,

    Cic. Att. 16, 15, 5: castra peto, valeatque Venus, valeantque puellae, farewell to Venus, etc., Tib. 2, 6, 9:

    valete curae,

    Petr. 79; cf. Cat. 8, 12; 11, 17; Ov. Am. 1, 6, 71 sqq.—
    (ε).
    With valere jubere or dicere (sometimes as one word, vălĕdīco, ere, 3, v. n.), to bid one good-by, farewell, adieu:

    illum salutavi: post etiam jussi valere,

    Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2:

    vix illud potui dicere triste vale,

    Ov. H. 13, 14:

    saepe vale dicto rursus sum multa locutus,

    id. Tr. 1, 3, 57:

    tibi valedicere non licet gratis,

    Sen. Ep. 17, 11; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 3, 1: obstinatissime [p. 1954] retinuit, ut liberti servique bis die frequentes adessent ac mane salvere, vesperi valere sibi singuli dicerent, Suet. Galb. 4 fin.; id. Aug. 53; id. Tib. 72.—So (late Lat.):

    vale facere (or valefacere),

    August. Ep. 65; App. M. 4, p. 150, 24.
    II.
    Transf., to have power, force, or influence; to be powerful, effective, valid; to avail, prevail, be strong, effective, etc.
    A.
    In gen.:

    fiet enim quodcunque volent, qui valebunt: valebunt autem semper arma,

    will always have the power, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1:

    fuit enim populi potestas: de civitate ne tam diu quidem valuit quam diu illa Sullani temporis arma valuerunt,

    id. Dom. 30, 79:

    dicitur C. Flaminius ad populum valuisse dicendo,

    id. Brut. 14, 57:

    tribunus plebis tulit... ut lex Aelia et Fufia ne valeret,

    id. Red. in Sen. 5, 11:

    in more majorum, qui tum ut lex valebat,

    id. Leg. 2, 10, 23:

    valuit auctoritas,

    id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

    verba si valent,

    id. Caecin. 21, 61:

    (ejus) valet opinio tarditatis,

    is established, id. de Or. 1, 27, 125:

    si conjuratio valuisset,

    id. ib. 17, 7:

    cujus ratio non valuit,

    Nep. Milt. 3, 7:

    jus tamen gentium valuit,

    Liv. 2, 4, 7:

    praetor... ratus repentinum valiturum terrorem, succedit, etc.,

    id. 44, 31, 6:

    et vestrae valuere preces,

    Ov. M. 13, 89; id. P. 3, 3, 92; id. Ib. 241.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    With respect to the source, character, or mode of exercise of the strength ascribed to the subject.
    a.
    With abl.:

    non metuo mihi... Dum quidem hoc valebit pectus perfidia meum,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 50:

    reliqui duo sic exaequantur, ut Domitius valeat amicis, Memmius commendetur militibus,

    Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6 (17, 2):

    multa sanxit quae omnia magistratuum auctoritate et Halaesinorum summa voluntate valuerunt,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

    ita istam libertatem largior populo, ut auctoritate et valeant et utantur boni,

    id. Leg. 3, 17, 38:

    quae (voluntas militum) cum per se valet multitudine,

    id. Mur. 18, 38:

    parum valent (Graeci) verbo,

    i. e. have no precise word, id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    qui aut gratia aut misericordia valerent,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 44:

    dicendo,

    Nep. Ages. 1, 2:

    qui pedum cursu valet,

    Verg. A. 5, 67; Quint. 9, 2, 78:

    Battiades... Quamvis ingenio non valet, arte valet,

    Ov. Am. 1, 15, 14:

    plerique plus ingenio quam arte valuerunt,

    Quint. 1, 8, 8:

    rogando,

    Ov. M. 2, 183:

    subtilitate vincimur, valeamus pondere,

    Quint. 12, 11, 8.—
    b.
    With in and abl.:

    Sp. Thorius satis valuit in populari genere dicendi,

    Cic. Brut. 36, 136:

    quid facilius est quam probari in uno servulo nomen familiae non valere,

    id. Caecin. 19, 55:

    in his maxime valet similitudo,

    Quint. 6, 3, 57:

    mire in causis valet praesumptio,

    id. 9, 2, 16:

    (digitus) in exprobrando et indicando valet,

    id. 11, 3, 94.—
    2.
    With some definite end expressed, upon or towards which influence or power is exercised or directed, to be strong enough for, adequate to, or capable of any thing, to be able to do, to have force or efficacy, to be effectual, to avail, to be applicable.
    a.
    With in and acc.:

    hoc evenit, ut in volgus insipientium opinio valeat honestatis,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 63:

    quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet,

    id. Leg. 1, 10, 29; cf. id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

    cum illud verbum unde in utramque rem valeat,

    id. Caecin. 31, 89:

    num etiam in deos inmortales inauspicatam legem valuisse? Liv 7, 6, 11: utrumque hoc genus semel injectum in L. annos valet et frugum et pabuli ubertate,

    Plin. 17, 7, 4, § 44:

    etiamsi in utramque partem valent arma facundiae,

    Quint. 2, 16, 10:

    hoc etiam in praeteritum valet,

    id. 9, 2, 20; cf.:

    cum... idque in omnis partis valeret,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2.—
    b.
    With eo: oratio me cohortabatur, ut, etc.... quod eo, credo, valebat, ut caerimonias religionesque defenderem, the force or point of which was, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 2, 5:

    id responsum quo valeat, cum intellegeret nemo,

    Nep. Them. 2, 6; cf. II. B. 3. i, infra.—
    c.
    With ad and acc. of thing:

    tu non solum ad neglegendas leges... verum etiam ad evertendas valuisti,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 18: astrorum affectio valeat, si vis, ad quasdam res;

    ad omnis certe non valebit,

    id. Fat. 4, 8:

    illud perficiam ut invidia mihi valeat ad gloriam,

    id. Cat. 3, 12, 29:

    vitae adjuncta esse dicebant, quae ad virtutis usum valerent,

    id. Ac. 1, 5, 21:

    ista quaestura ad eam rem valet, ut, etc.,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 62: neque, quod Samnites... amici vobis facti sunt, ad id valere arbitror, ne nos in amicitiam accipiamur, Liv. 7, 30, 4:

    eadem fictio valet et ad qualitates,

    Quint. 5, 10, 99; cf. II. B. 3. infra.—
    d.
    With apud or ad and acc. of person influenced, etc.
    (α).
    With apud:

    ibit ad illud ilico, Quo maxume apud te se valere sentiat,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 79:

    non quin eam (commendationem) valituram apud te arbitrarer,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 16, 3:

    apud te veritas valebit,

    id. Quint. 1, 5:

    sed haec eadem nunc censes apud eos ipsos valere, a quibus... conscripta sunt?

    id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

    magnis meritis apud regem... valebat,

    Nep. Con. 3, 1:

    jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,

    Sall. C. 9, 1:

    apud magnam partem senatus et magnitudine rerum gestarum valebat et gratia,

    Liv. 31, 48, 1:

    apud nos valeant ea, quae apud judices valere volumus,

    Quint. 6, 2, 28.—
    (β).
    With ad:

    dicitur enim C. Flaminius... ad populum valuisse dicendo,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 57:

    clementiae fama... ad ferociores jam populos valuit,

    Liv. 21, 6, 4:

    metus ad omnis valuit, ne deditionem recusarent,

    id. 38, 28, 6.—
    e.
    With contra and acc.:

    hoc nonne videtur contra te valere?

    Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

    quae valeant contra falsam criminationem,

    id. de Or. 2, 79, 321:

    ne quid esset... quod contra caput suum aut existimationem valere posset,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 173: ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    cum pro falsis contra veritatem (rhetorice) valet,

    Quint. 2, 16, 2; cf. f. infra.—
    f.
    With pro and abl.:

    multa in adversos effudit verba penates Pro deplorato non valitura viro,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 46:

    epitheton valet pro nomine,

    Quint. 8, 6, 29; cf. I. A. 2, b. supra.—
    g.
    With dat. gerund. (post-class. and rare):

    nam et augendae rei et minuendae valet (particula),

    Gell. 5, 12, 10.—
    h.
    With inf. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

    not in Cic. or Caes.): nam si certam finem esse viderent Aerumnarum homines, aliqua ratione valerent Religionibus... obsistere,

    Lucr. 1, 108:

    hanc ob rem vitam retinere valemus,

    id. 3, 257:

    nec continere suos ab direptione castrorum valuit,

    Liv. 38, 23, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    quam (urbem) neque finitimi valuerunt perdere Marsi,

    Hor. Epod. 16, 3:

    cetera... adeo sunt multa, loquacem Delassare valent Fabium,

    id. S. 1, 1, 13; id. C. 4, 7, 27:

    nec valuit locos coeptos avertere cursus,

    Tib. 4, 1, 55:

    qui relicti erant... ne conspectum quidem hostis sustinere valuerunt,

    Curt. 3, 4, 5:

    neque ex eo infamiam discutere valuit,

    Suet. Caes. 79.—With things as subj.:

    ergo fungar vice cotis, acutum Reddere quae ferrum valet,

    Hor. A. P. 305; cf. I. A. 2. b, supra.—Esp.,
    3.
    With adverbial qualifications expressing the degree of power or influence exerted, etc.; very freq. with accs- multum, plus, plurimum, parum, minus, minimum, nihil, tantum, quantum, quid, id, idem, quiddam, quidquam, quidquid, etc.
    (α).
    Edepol, Cupido, cum tu tam pusillu's, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. 421, 25 (Com. Rel. v. 55 Rib.):

    plus potest qui plus valet,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38:

    neque ita inperita (sum), ut quid amor valeat nesciam,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 42.—So absol.: nam opulenti cum locuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 230 Vahl.):

    ignari quid gravitas... quid denique virtus valeret,

    Cic. Sest. 28, 60:

    illa obnuntiatio nihil valuit, aut, si valuit, id valuit, ut, etc.,

    id. Div. 1, 16, 30: omnia veniebant Antonio in mentem;

    eaque suo quaeque loco, ubi plurimum proficere et valere possent... collocabantur,

    id. Brut. 37, 139:

    cur minus Venena Medaeae valent?

    Hor. Epod. 5. 62.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    quod tibi lubet fac, quoniam pugnis plus vales,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 240; cf.

    v. 234: quicquid possunt, pedestribus valent copiis,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 17:

    qui plus opibus, armis, potentia valent, perfecisse mihi videntur... ut etiam auctoritate jam plus valerent,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

    quasi vero ego... in isto genere omnino quidquam aut curatione aut potestate valuissem,

    id. Dom. 6, 14:

    Ti. Coruncanium longe plurimum ingenio valuisse,

    id. Brut. 14, 55:

    quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valerent,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

    Caesar multum equitatu valebat,

    id. B. C. 1, 61:

    cum tantum equitatu valeamus,

    id. ib. 3, 86:

    equitatu plurimum valere,

    id. B. G. 3, 20; Nep. Alcib. 8, 2.—
    (γ).
    With in and abl.:

    nihil putas valere in judiciis conjecturam, nihil suspitionem, nihil ante actae vitae existimationem, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 146:

    hic multum in Fabia (tribu) valet, ille Velina,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 52. —
    (δ).
    With ad and acc.:

    multum valuisse ad patris honorem pietas filii videbitur,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:

    ex quo intellegitur, plus terrarum situs, quam lunae tractus, ad nascendum valere,

    id. Div. 2, 46, 97:

    valet igitur multum ad vincendum probari mores eorum, qui agent causas,

    id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

    ad subeundem periculum et ad vitandum multum fortuna valuit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    genus ad probandam speciem minimum valet,

    Quint. 5, 10, 56.—
    (ε).
    With apud and acc. of pers., to have influence, be influential, have weight with, influence:

    apud quem (Caesarem) quicquid valebo vel auctoritate, vel gratia, valebo tibi,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13:

    utrum apud eos pudor atque officium, an timor plus valeret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    tantum apud homines barbaros valuit, esse repertos aliquos principes belli inferendi,

    id. ib. 5, 54:

    potestis constituere, hanc auctoritatem quantum apud exteras nationes valituram esse existimetis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 46:

    non modo praemiis, quae apud me minimum valent, sed ne periculis quidem conpulsus ullis,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 11:

    facinus esse indignum, plus impudicissimae mulieris apud te de Cleomenis salute quam de sua vita lacrimas matris valere,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

    apud quem ut multum gratia valeret, effecit,

    Nep. Con. 2, 1.—
    (ζ).
    With contra: cur desperemus veritatem contra fallacem facundiam valituram? prevail, Lact. Opif. Dei, 20, 5; cf. Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8, II. B. 2, e. supra.—
    (η).
    With pro:

    pro periculo magis quam contra salutem valere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; cf.:

    quod minus multitudine militum legionariorum pro hostium numero valebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (θ).
    With inter:

    plurimum inter eos Bellovacos et virtute, et auctoritate, et hominum numero valere,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4.—
    (ι).
    With adv. of pur pose:

    hoc eo valebat, ut ingratiis ad de pugnandum omnes cogerentur,

    Nep. Them. 4, 4:

    non tamen hoc eo valet, ut fugien dae sint magnae scholae,

    Quint. 1, 2, 16:

    nescis quo valeat nummus, quem praebeat usum?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 73; cf. II. B. 2. b. supra. —
    C.
    Idiomatic uses.
    1.
    Of money value, to be of the value of, be worth: denarii, quod denos aeris valebant;

    quinarii, quod quinos,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Mull.:

    dum pro argenteis decem aureus unus valeret,

    Liv. 38, 11, 8:

    ita ut scrupulum valeret sestertiis vicenis,

    Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 47:

    si haec praedia valeant nunc decem,

    Dig. 24, 1, 7, § 4:

    quasi minimo valeret hereditas,

    ib. 19, 1, 13:

    quanti omnibus valet (servus),

    ib. 9, 2, 33; 5, 3, 25, § 1.—
    2.
    Of the signification of words, sentences, etc.; like the Gr. dunasthai, to mean, signify, import:

    quaerimus verbum Latinum par Graeco et quod idem valeat,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 13: non usquam id quidem dicit omnino;

    sed quae dicit, idem valent,

    id. Tusc. 5, 10, 24:

    quamquam vocabula prope idem valere videantur,

    id. Top. 8, 34:

    hoc verbum quid valeat, non vident,

    id. Off. 3, 9, 39: cui nomen Becco fuerat;

    id valet gallinacei rostrum,

    Suet. Vit. 18:

    pransus quoque atque potus diversum valent quam indicant,

    Quint. 1, 4, 29 et saep.:

    et intellego et sentio et video saepe idem valent quod scio,

    id. 10, 1, 13:

    duo quae idem significant ac tantumdem valent,

    id. 1, 5, 4.—Hence, vălens, entis, P. a., strong, stout, vigorous, powerful (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.: nil moro discipulos mihi esse plenos sanguinis;

    valens adflictet me,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 1, 44:

    virgatores,

    id. As. 3, 2, 19:

    robusti et valentes et audaces satellites,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

    cum homo imbecillus a valentissima bestia laniatur,

    id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

    valentissimi lictores,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

    homines,

    id. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Suet. Aug. 35:

    hic membris et mole valens,

    Verg. A. 5, 431:

    membris valens,

    Ov. M. 9, 108:

    corpore esse vegeto et valenti,

    Gell. 3, 1, 11:

    nervi musculique,

    Cels. 8, 20:

    trunci,

    Verg. G. 2, 426: scire oportet, omnia legumina generis valentissimi esse: valentissimum voco, in quo plurimum alimenti est... Ex leguminibus valentior faba quam pisum, etc., strongest, i. e. most nutritire, Cels. 2, 18:

    tunicae,

    stout, thick, Ov. A. A. 3, 109: providendum ne infirmiores (apes) a valentioribus [p. 1955] opprimantur, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 35.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Well in health, healthy, hale, hearty:

    valeo et venio ad minus valentem,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 24:

    medicus plane confirmat, propediem te valentem fore,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

    puer, hora undecima cum valens in publico visus esset, ante noctem mortuus est,

    id. Clu. 9, 27; cf.

    valens (opp. imbecillus),

    id. Fam. 16, 5, 2:

    (sensus) si sani sunt et valentes,

    id. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

    si valens corpus est neque magno opere vexatum,

    Cels. 7, 26, 5:

    sive aegra, sive valens,

    Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 20.— Subst.:

    qui enim aegris subveniretur, quae esset oblectatio valentium, nisi, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 4, 15;

    so opp. aeger,

    id. de Or. 2, 44, 186.—
    b.
    Of medicines, strong, powerful, active:

    valens est adversus cancerem intestinorum minii gleba,

    Cels. 4, 15 fin.:

    medicamenta,

    id. 1, 3 med.:

    silvestri (papaveri capita) ad omnes effectus valentiora,

    Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 202; cf. id. 22, 22, 43, § 87.—
    B.
    Trop., strong, powerful, mighty:

    mallem tantas ei (Caesari) vires non dedisset (res publica) quam nunc tam valenti resisteret,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 4:

    fuit quondam ita firma haec civitas et valens,

    id. Har. Resp. 28, 60:

    cum valentiore pugnare,

    id. Fam. 5, 21, 2:

    valens dialecticus,

    id. Fat. 6, 12:

    ut fieri nihil possit valentius,

    id. Brut. 16, 64:

    Philippus jam tum valens multa moliebatur,

    Nep. Timoth. 3, 1:

    opibus jam valentes,

    id. Eum. 10, 3:

    argumenta valentiora,

    Quint. 5, 13, 12:

    quid pars adversa habeat valentissimum,

    id. 5, 13, 52:

    nec fraus valentior quam consilium meum,

    Cic. Univ. 11:

    ad letum causae satis valentes,

    Ov. M. 5, 174; so,

    causae,

    id. Tr. 1, 8, 29:

    causa valentior,

    id. P. 1, 10, 35:

    deus morbo omni valentior,

    Stat. S. 1, 4, 111:

    oppida valentissima,

    Nep. Ham. 2, 4.—Hence, adv.: vălenter, strongly, stoutly, powerfully, violently (perh. not ante-Aug.).
    1.
    Lit.:

    resistere,

    Col. 1, 5, 9; 3, 2, 15:

    nimis valenter ibi retenta materia,

    Cels. 5, 26, 21:

    praeceps spirare valentius Eurus (coepit),

    Ov. M. 11, 481.—
    2.
    Trop., of speech, forcibly, energetically:

    non diu dicebat sed valenter,

    Sen. Contr. 3, 22 med.:

    si verba numeres, breviter et abscise: si sensum aestimes, copiose et valenter,

    Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > valens

  • 4 valeo

    vălĕo, ui, itum, 2, v. n. [kindr. with Sanscr. bala, vis, robur, balishtas, fortissimus; cf. debilis], to be strong.
    I.
    Lit., of physical strength, vigor, or health.
    A.
    In gen., to be strong, stout, or vigorous, to have strength (cf.: polleo, vigeo).
    1.
    Absol.: verum illi valent, qui vi luctantur cum leonibus, Pomp. ap. Non. 112, 4 (Com. Rel. v. 176 Rib.):

    puer ille (Hercules recens natus) ut magnus est et multum valet!

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 51: plus potest, qui plus valet: Vir erat;

    plus valebat,

    id. Truc. 4, 3, 38 sq.:

    sanus homo, qui bene valet,

    Cels. 1, 1 init.:

    si magis valet,

    id. 3, 18:

    si satis valet (= si satis validae vires sunt, just before),

    id. 4, 7 init.:

    prout nervi valent,

    id. 8, 16.—Of plants:

    vitem novellam resecari tum erit tempus ubi valebit,

    Cato, R. R. 33, 3 sq. —
    2.
    To be strong in or for something, to have the power or strength, be in condition to do something, etc.
    a.
    Of personal subjects, etc.
    (α).
    With ad and acc.:

    alios videmus velocitate ad cursum, alios viribus ad luctandum valere,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 107.—
    (β).
    With inf.:

    manibus pedibusque morbo distortissimis, ut neque calceum perpeti nec libellos evolvere valeret,

    Suet. Galb. 21:

    mustela cum mures veloces non valeret assequi,

    Phaedr. 4, 1, 10:

    valet ima summis Mutare deus,

    Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; cf. II. B. 2. h. infra; cf.:

    illud mirari mitte, quod non valet e lapide hoc alias impellere res,

    Lucr. 6, 1057:

    versate diu quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri (sc. ferre),

    Hor. A. P. 40:

    nec valuere manus infixum educere telum,

    Ov. M. 13, 393; 12, 101; Col. 6, 25 fin. —
    b.
    Of remedies or medicines, to be efficacious, be good for any thing; with ad and acc.:

    fimum potum ad dysentericos valet,

    Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 105.—With contra:

    cimices valent contra serpentium morsus,

    Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—With eodem:

    id quoque collyrium eodem valet,

    Cels. 6, 6, 21.—With pro:

    ruta per se pro antidoto valet,

    Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 132.—With abl.:

    dictamnus valet potu et illitu et suffitu,

    Plin. 26, 15, 90, § 153.— With inf.:

    sandaracha valet purgare, sistere, excalfacere, perrodere,

    Plin. 34, 18, 55, § 177.—
    c.
    Of sounds: cum C ac similiter G non valuerunt, in T ac D molliuntur, i. e. were not pronounced strongly, Quint. 1, 11, 5.—
    B.
    Esp., in respect of the natural condition of the body, to be well in health, to be in a sound or healthy condition, to be healthy, hale, hearty.
    a.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    equidem valeo recte et salvus sum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 36:

    perpetuon' valuisti?

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 15; 1, 1, 18:

    valen'? Valuistin? valeo et valui rectius,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 12 sq.: facile omnes, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus, Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

    dicit vilicus servos non valuisse,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 3 sq.; 5, 6:

    boves ut recte valeant,

    id. ib. 103:

    optime valere et gravissime aegrotare,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 43; 4, 25, 69:

    cura est, ut valeat,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 4:

    ego valeo recte et rem gero,

    id. Pers. 2, 3, 34:

    te recte valere operamque dare, ut cottidie melius,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1: deterius quam soleo, Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 1:

    commode,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11: Ni. Benene usque valuit? Chr. Pancratice atque athletice, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 14:

    minus valere... melius valere,

    Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1:

    nam matri oculi si valerent, mecum venisset simul,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 8.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    si corpore valuisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 77:

    nec melius valeo quam corpore, mente,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 33; cf. Sall. J. 11, 5:

    pedibus,

    Nep. Phoc. 4, 1:

    stomacho,

    Juv. 6, 100.—
    (γ).
    With ab and abl.:

    ab oculis,

    Gell. 13, 30, 10:

    a morbo,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26; and facetiously: Me. Ain tu te valere? Eu. Pol ego haud a pecunia perbene, as to money, not very well, id. Aul. 2, 2, 9.—
    b.
    Esp., at the commencement of letters (very freq.), si vales, bene est, and abbreviated S. V. B. E.;

    and, more fully, with the addition ego or equidem valeo (abbrev. E. V. or E. Q. V.),

    Cic. Fam. 13, 6; 14, 11; 14, 16; 14, 17; 14, 21; 14, 22; 14, 23; 14, 24; 15, 1; 15, 2; Metell. ib. 5, 1; Vatin. ib. 5, 9; Luccei. ib. 5, 14 al.; cf.:

    mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales bene est,

    Sen. Ep. 15, 1; so too: S. V. G. V. (si vales, gaudeo, valeo) et Tullia nostra recte V. Terentia minus belle habuit: sed certum scio jam convaluisse eam, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1.—
    c.
    Rarely impers. pass.:

    quid agitur, Sagaristio? ut valetur?

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 8.—
    d.
    Vale or valeas, in leave-taking, farewell, adieu (cf.: salve, ave).
    (α).
    In gen.: Di. Valeas. Ph. Vale, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 79: Ar. Vale. Ph. Quo properas? Ar. Bene vale, id. As. 3, 3, 16; id. Mil. 4, 8, 51:

    bene vale, Alcumena,

    id. Am. 1, 3, 1:

    vale atque salve,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 86; id. Curc. 4, 2, 36: vale atque salve. Th. Male vale, male sit tibi, id. ib. 4, 4, 32; v. salvus: Ly. Ad portum propero. De. Bene ambulato. Ly. Bene valeto. De. Bene sit tibi, id. Merc. 2, 2, 55:

    bene valete et vivite,

    id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

    ite intro cito: valete,

    id. As. 3, 3, 155:

    abeo: valete, judices justissimi,

    id. Capt. prol. 67:

    vos valete et plaudite,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 64:

    in hoc biduom vale,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 110:

    vive valeque,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 110.—Before a vowel, scanned vale:

    et longum, Formose vale, vale, inquit Iolla,

    Verg. E. 3, 79; Ov. M. 3, 501.—
    (β).
    At the conclusion of letters:

    Vale,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 3; 6, 21, 3; 4, 8, 2; Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 3:

    cura ut valeas,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; 7, 20, 3; rarely bene vale, Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8; Cur. ib. 7, 29, 2; cf.:

    tu me diligis et valebis,

    Cic. ib. 9, 22, 5; 15, 18, 2: fac valeas meque mutuo diligas, Planc. ib. 10, 7, 2; Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8.—
    (γ).
    Also in bidding farewell to the dead:

    salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, Aeternumque vale,

    Verg. A. 11, 97; Stat. S. 3, 3, 208; cf. Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. l. l.;

    v. salvus: in perpetuom, frater, ave atque vale,

    Cat. 101, 10:

    terque, Vale, dixit,

    Ov. F. 3, 563:

    supremumque vale... dixit,

    id. M. 10, 62.—
    (δ).
    As an expression of dismission, refusal, or scorn, be off, begone:

    valeas, tibi habeas res tuas, reddas meas,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 46:

    immo habeat, valeat, vivat cum illa,

    Ter. And. 5, 3, 18:

    valeas, habeas illam quae placet,

    id. Ad. 4, 4, 14:

    si talis est deus, ut nulla hominum caritate teneatur, valeat,

    good-by to him, let me have nothing to do with him, Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

    valeat res ludicra, si me Palma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: valeant, Qui inter nos discidium volunt, away with those, etc., Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

    quare ista valeant: me res familiaris movet,

    Cic. Att. 16, 15, 5: castra peto, valeatque Venus, valeantque puellae, farewell to Venus, etc., Tib. 2, 6, 9:

    valete curae,

    Petr. 79; cf. Cat. 8, 12; 11, 17; Ov. Am. 1, 6, 71 sqq.—
    (ε).
    With valere jubere or dicere (sometimes as one word, vălĕdīco, ere, 3, v. n.), to bid one good-by, farewell, adieu:

    illum salutavi: post etiam jussi valere,

    Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2:

    vix illud potui dicere triste vale,

    Ov. H. 13, 14:

    saepe vale dicto rursus sum multa locutus,

    id. Tr. 1, 3, 57:

    tibi valedicere non licet gratis,

    Sen. Ep. 17, 11; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 3, 1: obstinatissime [p. 1954] retinuit, ut liberti servique bis die frequentes adessent ac mane salvere, vesperi valere sibi singuli dicerent, Suet. Galb. 4 fin.; id. Aug. 53; id. Tib. 72.—So (late Lat.):

    vale facere (or valefacere),

    August. Ep. 65; App. M. 4, p. 150, 24.
    II.
    Transf., to have power, force, or influence; to be powerful, effective, valid; to avail, prevail, be strong, effective, etc.
    A.
    In gen.:

    fiet enim quodcunque volent, qui valebunt: valebunt autem semper arma,

    will always have the power, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1:

    fuit enim populi potestas: de civitate ne tam diu quidem valuit quam diu illa Sullani temporis arma valuerunt,

    id. Dom. 30, 79:

    dicitur C. Flaminius ad populum valuisse dicendo,

    id. Brut. 14, 57:

    tribunus plebis tulit... ut lex Aelia et Fufia ne valeret,

    id. Red. in Sen. 5, 11:

    in more majorum, qui tum ut lex valebat,

    id. Leg. 2, 10, 23:

    valuit auctoritas,

    id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

    verba si valent,

    id. Caecin. 21, 61:

    (ejus) valet opinio tarditatis,

    is established, id. de Or. 1, 27, 125:

    si conjuratio valuisset,

    id. ib. 17, 7:

    cujus ratio non valuit,

    Nep. Milt. 3, 7:

    jus tamen gentium valuit,

    Liv. 2, 4, 7:

    praetor... ratus repentinum valiturum terrorem, succedit, etc.,

    id. 44, 31, 6:

    et vestrae valuere preces,

    Ov. M. 13, 89; id. P. 3, 3, 92; id. Ib. 241.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    With respect to the source, character, or mode of exercise of the strength ascribed to the subject.
    a.
    With abl.:

    non metuo mihi... Dum quidem hoc valebit pectus perfidia meum,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 50:

    reliqui duo sic exaequantur, ut Domitius valeat amicis, Memmius commendetur militibus,

    Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6 (17, 2):

    multa sanxit quae omnia magistratuum auctoritate et Halaesinorum summa voluntate valuerunt,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

    ita istam libertatem largior populo, ut auctoritate et valeant et utantur boni,

    id. Leg. 3, 17, 38:

    quae (voluntas militum) cum per se valet multitudine,

    id. Mur. 18, 38:

    parum valent (Graeci) verbo,

    i. e. have no precise word, id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    qui aut gratia aut misericordia valerent,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 44:

    dicendo,

    Nep. Ages. 1, 2:

    qui pedum cursu valet,

    Verg. A. 5, 67; Quint. 9, 2, 78:

    Battiades... Quamvis ingenio non valet, arte valet,

    Ov. Am. 1, 15, 14:

    plerique plus ingenio quam arte valuerunt,

    Quint. 1, 8, 8:

    rogando,

    Ov. M. 2, 183:

    subtilitate vincimur, valeamus pondere,

    Quint. 12, 11, 8.—
    b.
    With in and abl.:

    Sp. Thorius satis valuit in populari genere dicendi,

    Cic. Brut. 36, 136:

    quid facilius est quam probari in uno servulo nomen familiae non valere,

    id. Caecin. 19, 55:

    in his maxime valet similitudo,

    Quint. 6, 3, 57:

    mire in causis valet praesumptio,

    id. 9, 2, 16:

    (digitus) in exprobrando et indicando valet,

    id. 11, 3, 94.—
    2.
    With some definite end expressed, upon or towards which influence or power is exercised or directed, to be strong enough for, adequate to, or capable of any thing, to be able to do, to have force or efficacy, to be effectual, to avail, to be applicable.
    a.
    With in and acc.:

    hoc evenit, ut in volgus insipientium opinio valeat honestatis,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 63:

    quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet,

    id. Leg. 1, 10, 29; cf. id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

    cum illud verbum unde in utramque rem valeat,

    id. Caecin. 31, 89:

    num etiam in deos inmortales inauspicatam legem valuisse? Liv 7, 6, 11: utrumque hoc genus semel injectum in L. annos valet et frugum et pabuli ubertate,

    Plin. 17, 7, 4, § 44:

    etiamsi in utramque partem valent arma facundiae,

    Quint. 2, 16, 10:

    hoc etiam in praeteritum valet,

    id. 9, 2, 20; cf.:

    cum... idque in omnis partis valeret,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2.—
    b.
    With eo: oratio me cohortabatur, ut, etc.... quod eo, credo, valebat, ut caerimonias religionesque defenderem, the force or point of which was, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 2, 5:

    id responsum quo valeat, cum intellegeret nemo,

    Nep. Them. 2, 6; cf. II. B. 3. i, infra.—
    c.
    With ad and acc. of thing:

    tu non solum ad neglegendas leges... verum etiam ad evertendas valuisti,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 18: astrorum affectio valeat, si vis, ad quasdam res;

    ad omnis certe non valebit,

    id. Fat. 4, 8:

    illud perficiam ut invidia mihi valeat ad gloriam,

    id. Cat. 3, 12, 29:

    vitae adjuncta esse dicebant, quae ad virtutis usum valerent,

    id. Ac. 1, 5, 21:

    ista quaestura ad eam rem valet, ut, etc.,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 62: neque, quod Samnites... amici vobis facti sunt, ad id valere arbitror, ne nos in amicitiam accipiamur, Liv. 7, 30, 4:

    eadem fictio valet et ad qualitates,

    Quint. 5, 10, 99; cf. II. B. 3. infra.—
    d.
    With apud or ad and acc. of person influenced, etc.
    (α).
    With apud:

    ibit ad illud ilico, Quo maxume apud te se valere sentiat,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 79:

    non quin eam (commendationem) valituram apud te arbitrarer,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 16, 3:

    apud te veritas valebit,

    id. Quint. 1, 5:

    sed haec eadem nunc censes apud eos ipsos valere, a quibus... conscripta sunt?

    id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

    magnis meritis apud regem... valebat,

    Nep. Con. 3, 1:

    jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,

    Sall. C. 9, 1:

    apud magnam partem senatus et magnitudine rerum gestarum valebat et gratia,

    Liv. 31, 48, 1:

    apud nos valeant ea, quae apud judices valere volumus,

    Quint. 6, 2, 28.—
    (β).
    With ad:

    dicitur enim C. Flaminius... ad populum valuisse dicendo,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 57:

    clementiae fama... ad ferociores jam populos valuit,

    Liv. 21, 6, 4:

    metus ad omnis valuit, ne deditionem recusarent,

    id. 38, 28, 6.—
    e.
    With contra and acc.:

    hoc nonne videtur contra te valere?

    Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

    quae valeant contra falsam criminationem,

    id. de Or. 2, 79, 321:

    ne quid esset... quod contra caput suum aut existimationem valere posset,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 173: ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    cum pro falsis contra veritatem (rhetorice) valet,

    Quint. 2, 16, 2; cf. f. infra.—
    f.
    With pro and abl.:

    multa in adversos effudit verba penates Pro deplorato non valitura viro,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 46:

    epitheton valet pro nomine,

    Quint. 8, 6, 29; cf. I. A. 2, b. supra.—
    g.
    With dat. gerund. (post-class. and rare):

    nam et augendae rei et minuendae valet (particula),

    Gell. 5, 12, 10.—
    h.
    With inf. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

    not in Cic. or Caes.): nam si certam finem esse viderent Aerumnarum homines, aliqua ratione valerent Religionibus... obsistere,

    Lucr. 1, 108:

    hanc ob rem vitam retinere valemus,

    id. 3, 257:

    nec continere suos ab direptione castrorum valuit,

    Liv. 38, 23, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    quam (urbem) neque finitimi valuerunt perdere Marsi,

    Hor. Epod. 16, 3:

    cetera... adeo sunt multa, loquacem Delassare valent Fabium,

    id. S. 1, 1, 13; id. C. 4, 7, 27:

    nec valuit locos coeptos avertere cursus,

    Tib. 4, 1, 55:

    qui relicti erant... ne conspectum quidem hostis sustinere valuerunt,

    Curt. 3, 4, 5:

    neque ex eo infamiam discutere valuit,

    Suet. Caes. 79.—With things as subj.:

    ergo fungar vice cotis, acutum Reddere quae ferrum valet,

    Hor. A. P. 305; cf. I. A. 2. b, supra.—Esp.,
    3.
    With adverbial qualifications expressing the degree of power or influence exerted, etc.; very freq. with accs- multum, plus, plurimum, parum, minus, minimum, nihil, tantum, quantum, quid, id, idem, quiddam, quidquam, quidquid, etc.
    (α).
    Edepol, Cupido, cum tu tam pusillu's, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. 421, 25 (Com. Rel. v. 55 Rib.):

    plus potest qui plus valet,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38:

    neque ita inperita (sum), ut quid amor valeat nesciam,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 42.—So absol.: nam opulenti cum locuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 230 Vahl.):

    ignari quid gravitas... quid denique virtus valeret,

    Cic. Sest. 28, 60:

    illa obnuntiatio nihil valuit, aut, si valuit, id valuit, ut, etc.,

    id. Div. 1, 16, 30: omnia veniebant Antonio in mentem;

    eaque suo quaeque loco, ubi plurimum proficere et valere possent... collocabantur,

    id. Brut. 37, 139:

    cur minus Venena Medaeae valent?

    Hor. Epod. 5. 62.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    quod tibi lubet fac, quoniam pugnis plus vales,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 240; cf.

    v. 234: quicquid possunt, pedestribus valent copiis,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 17:

    qui plus opibus, armis, potentia valent, perfecisse mihi videntur... ut etiam auctoritate jam plus valerent,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

    quasi vero ego... in isto genere omnino quidquam aut curatione aut potestate valuissem,

    id. Dom. 6, 14:

    Ti. Coruncanium longe plurimum ingenio valuisse,

    id. Brut. 14, 55:

    quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valerent,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

    Caesar multum equitatu valebat,

    id. B. C. 1, 61:

    cum tantum equitatu valeamus,

    id. ib. 3, 86:

    equitatu plurimum valere,

    id. B. G. 3, 20; Nep. Alcib. 8, 2.—
    (γ).
    With in and abl.:

    nihil putas valere in judiciis conjecturam, nihil suspitionem, nihil ante actae vitae existimationem, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 146:

    hic multum in Fabia (tribu) valet, ille Velina,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 52. —
    (δ).
    With ad and acc.:

    multum valuisse ad patris honorem pietas filii videbitur,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:

    ex quo intellegitur, plus terrarum situs, quam lunae tractus, ad nascendum valere,

    id. Div. 2, 46, 97:

    valet igitur multum ad vincendum probari mores eorum, qui agent causas,

    id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

    ad subeundem periculum et ad vitandum multum fortuna valuit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    genus ad probandam speciem minimum valet,

    Quint. 5, 10, 56.—
    (ε).
    With apud and acc. of pers., to have influence, be influential, have weight with, influence:

    apud quem (Caesarem) quicquid valebo vel auctoritate, vel gratia, valebo tibi,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13:

    utrum apud eos pudor atque officium, an timor plus valeret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    tantum apud homines barbaros valuit, esse repertos aliquos principes belli inferendi,

    id. ib. 5, 54:

    potestis constituere, hanc auctoritatem quantum apud exteras nationes valituram esse existimetis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 46:

    non modo praemiis, quae apud me minimum valent, sed ne periculis quidem conpulsus ullis,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 11:

    facinus esse indignum, plus impudicissimae mulieris apud te de Cleomenis salute quam de sua vita lacrimas matris valere,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

    apud quem ut multum gratia valeret, effecit,

    Nep. Con. 2, 1.—
    (ζ).
    With contra: cur desperemus veritatem contra fallacem facundiam valituram? prevail, Lact. Opif. Dei, 20, 5; cf. Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8, II. B. 2, e. supra.—
    (η).
    With pro:

    pro periculo magis quam contra salutem valere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; cf.:

    quod minus multitudine militum legionariorum pro hostium numero valebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (θ).
    With inter:

    plurimum inter eos Bellovacos et virtute, et auctoritate, et hominum numero valere,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4.—
    (ι).
    With adv. of pur pose:

    hoc eo valebat, ut ingratiis ad de pugnandum omnes cogerentur,

    Nep. Them. 4, 4:

    non tamen hoc eo valet, ut fugien dae sint magnae scholae,

    Quint. 1, 2, 16:

    nescis quo valeat nummus, quem praebeat usum?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 73; cf. II. B. 2. b. supra. —
    C.
    Idiomatic uses.
    1.
    Of money value, to be of the value of, be worth: denarii, quod denos aeris valebant;

    quinarii, quod quinos,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Mull.:

    dum pro argenteis decem aureus unus valeret,

    Liv. 38, 11, 8:

    ita ut scrupulum valeret sestertiis vicenis,

    Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 47:

    si haec praedia valeant nunc decem,

    Dig. 24, 1, 7, § 4:

    quasi minimo valeret hereditas,

    ib. 19, 1, 13:

    quanti omnibus valet (servus),

    ib. 9, 2, 33; 5, 3, 25, § 1.—
    2.
    Of the signification of words, sentences, etc.; like the Gr. dunasthai, to mean, signify, import:

    quaerimus verbum Latinum par Graeco et quod idem valeat,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 13: non usquam id quidem dicit omnino;

    sed quae dicit, idem valent,

    id. Tusc. 5, 10, 24:

    quamquam vocabula prope idem valere videantur,

    id. Top. 8, 34:

    hoc verbum quid valeat, non vident,

    id. Off. 3, 9, 39: cui nomen Becco fuerat;

    id valet gallinacei rostrum,

    Suet. Vit. 18:

    pransus quoque atque potus diversum valent quam indicant,

    Quint. 1, 4, 29 et saep.:

    et intellego et sentio et video saepe idem valent quod scio,

    id. 10, 1, 13:

    duo quae idem significant ac tantumdem valent,

    id. 1, 5, 4.—Hence, vălens, entis, P. a., strong, stout, vigorous, powerful (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.: nil moro discipulos mihi esse plenos sanguinis;

    valens adflictet me,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 1, 44:

    virgatores,

    id. As. 3, 2, 19:

    robusti et valentes et audaces satellites,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

    cum homo imbecillus a valentissima bestia laniatur,

    id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

    valentissimi lictores,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

    homines,

    id. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Suet. Aug. 35:

    hic membris et mole valens,

    Verg. A. 5, 431:

    membris valens,

    Ov. M. 9, 108:

    corpore esse vegeto et valenti,

    Gell. 3, 1, 11:

    nervi musculique,

    Cels. 8, 20:

    trunci,

    Verg. G. 2, 426: scire oportet, omnia legumina generis valentissimi esse: valentissimum voco, in quo plurimum alimenti est... Ex leguminibus valentior faba quam pisum, etc., strongest, i. e. most nutritire, Cels. 2, 18:

    tunicae,

    stout, thick, Ov. A. A. 3, 109: providendum ne infirmiores (apes) a valentioribus [p. 1955] opprimantur, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 35.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Well in health, healthy, hale, hearty:

    valeo et venio ad minus valentem,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 24:

    medicus plane confirmat, propediem te valentem fore,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

    puer, hora undecima cum valens in publico visus esset, ante noctem mortuus est,

    id. Clu. 9, 27; cf.

    valens (opp. imbecillus),

    id. Fam. 16, 5, 2:

    (sensus) si sani sunt et valentes,

    id. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

    si valens corpus est neque magno opere vexatum,

    Cels. 7, 26, 5:

    sive aegra, sive valens,

    Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 20.— Subst.:

    qui enim aegris subveniretur, quae esset oblectatio valentium, nisi, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 4, 15;

    so opp. aeger,

    id. de Or. 2, 44, 186.—
    b.
    Of medicines, strong, powerful, active:

    valens est adversus cancerem intestinorum minii gleba,

    Cels. 4, 15 fin.:

    medicamenta,

    id. 1, 3 med.:

    silvestri (papaveri capita) ad omnes effectus valentiora,

    Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 202; cf. id. 22, 22, 43, § 87.—
    B.
    Trop., strong, powerful, mighty:

    mallem tantas ei (Caesari) vires non dedisset (res publica) quam nunc tam valenti resisteret,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 4:

    fuit quondam ita firma haec civitas et valens,

    id. Har. Resp. 28, 60:

    cum valentiore pugnare,

    id. Fam. 5, 21, 2:

    valens dialecticus,

    id. Fat. 6, 12:

    ut fieri nihil possit valentius,

    id. Brut. 16, 64:

    Philippus jam tum valens multa moliebatur,

    Nep. Timoth. 3, 1:

    opibus jam valentes,

    id. Eum. 10, 3:

    argumenta valentiora,

    Quint. 5, 13, 12:

    quid pars adversa habeat valentissimum,

    id. 5, 13, 52:

    nec fraus valentior quam consilium meum,

    Cic. Univ. 11:

    ad letum causae satis valentes,

    Ov. M. 5, 174; so,

    causae,

    id. Tr. 1, 8, 29:

    causa valentior,

    id. P. 1, 10, 35:

    deus morbo omni valentior,

    Stat. S. 1, 4, 111:

    oppida valentissima,

    Nep. Ham. 2, 4.—Hence, adv.: vălenter, strongly, stoutly, powerfully, violently (perh. not ante-Aug.).
    1.
    Lit.:

    resistere,

    Col. 1, 5, 9; 3, 2, 15:

    nimis valenter ibi retenta materia,

    Cels. 5, 26, 21:

    praeceps spirare valentius Eurus (coepit),

    Ov. M. 11, 481.—
    2.
    Trop., of speech, forcibly, energetically:

    non diu dicebat sed valenter,

    Sen. Contr. 3, 22 med.:

    si verba numeres, breviter et abscise: si sensum aestimes, copiose et valenter,

    Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > valeo

  • 5 exordium

    exordĭum, ii, n. [exordior, I.].
    I.
    Prop., the beginning, the warp of a web (rare):

    non possum togam praetextam sperare, cum exordium pullum videam,

    Quint. 5, 10, 71.—
    II.
    Transf., in gen., a beginning, commencement (the usual meaning; syn.: initium, principium, primordium): neve inde navis inchoandae exordium Coepisset, quae, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34 (Trag. v. 282 ed. Vahl.):

    hujus quoque exordium mali, quoniam principium boni diximus, explicemus,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 3; cf.: institutae rei publicae clarum ac tam omnibus notum, id. Rep. 2, 2:

    a qua totius vitae ducat exor dium,

    id. Fin. 5, 7, 18; cf.:

    a quibus tempo ribus scribendi capiat exordium,

    id. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

    paene ab exordio Urbis,

    Suet. Vesp. 8; id. Tib. 42:

    tertius (annus) a prima vigilia sumens exordium,

    Amm. 26, 1, 9.—In plur.:

    rerum,

    Lucr. 2, 333; 3, 31; 4, 114; cf. Verg. E. 6, 33:

    priva animaï,

    Lucr. 3, 380:

    solis lunaeque,

    id. 5, 471:

    rationis,

    id. 1, 149:

    primae pugnae,

    Verg. A. 7, 40 et saep.—
    B.
    In partic., of speech:

    saepe animadverti, summos oratores in dicendi exordio permoveri,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 122:

    ergo ita nascetur exordium,

    id. Tusc. 1, 4 fin. —As part of a speech or writing, the introduction, exordium, proëm, preface (syn.:

    prooemium, praefatio, prologus): exordium est principium orationis, per quod animus auditoris aut judicis constituitur vel apparatur ad audiendum,

    Auct. Her. 1, 3, 4; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 1 sq.:

    tum denique id, quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 77 fin.:

    proximus liber a prima parte, id est exordio incipiet,

    Quint. 3, 11, 28; 1, 12, 19:

    in exordio pro Milone,

    id. 9, 4, 133; 9, 4, 74 et saep.— In plur., Quint. 11, 3, 161:

    quae prima exordia sumat?

    Verg. A. 4, 284.—
    2.
    Transf., a writing, treatise, in gen., Col. 5, 11, 13; 7, 5, 1; 7, 12, 1 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exordium

  • 6 prīncipium

        prīncipium ī, n    [princeps], a beginning, commencement, origin: origo principi nulla est: motūs: principio orationis hoc pono, in beginning my speech: omnium rerum magnarum ab dis inmortalibus principia ducuntur: Scribendi recte sapere est principium, H.: Ab Iove principium, V.: imperi, L.: a sanguine Teucri Ducere principium, O.— Abl adverb., at the beginning, in the beginning, at first, in the first place: Principio vementer velim, etc., T.: principio ausus est dicere: Principio... tum, V.—In the phrase, a principio (rarely de principio), from the beginning, from the first: ut a principio dixi: de principio studuit occurrere, etc.— Plur, beginnings, foundations, principles, elements: diligenter explorata principia ponantur: naturalia: principia rerum, e quibus omnia constant, elements.—Prov.: obsta principiis, O.— That which begins, a leader, founder: Faucia curia fuit principium, i. e. was the first to vote, L.: Graecia principium moris fuit, O.—In the army, plur, the foremost ranks, front lines of soldiers, front, van: ero post principia, in the rear, T.: Marium post principia habere, S.: post principia tutus receptus fuit, to the rear, L.—In a camp, the headquarters, principal place, general's quarters (an open space, for councils and assemblies): iura reddere in principiis, L.: in principiis statuit tabernaculum, N.
    * * *

    Latin-English dictionary > prīncipium

  • 7 exordior

    ex-ordĭor, orsus, 4, v. dep. a., to begin a web, to lay the warp, to weave (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    funem longum pedes LXXII.,

    Cato R. R. 135, 4; cf.

    trop.: neque exordiri primum, unde occipias, habes, Neque detexundam ad telam certos terminos,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 7; and:

    pertexe modo, Antoni, quod exorsus es,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 145.—
    II.
    Transf., in gen., to begin, commence, esp. a speech; constr. with the acc., an inf., with ab or absol.
    (α).
    With acc. (so perh. not in Cic.):

    consilia,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 102:

    argutias adversus aliquem,

    id. Bacch. 1, 2, 19:

    facinus,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 71:

    hanc rem facete et callide,

    id. Pers. 4, 1, 7:

    bellum ab causa tam nefanda,

    Liv. 4, 17, 6:

    classicum ingenti spiritu,

    Suet. Caes. 32:

    tragoediam magno impetu,

    id. Aug. 85:

    causam,

    Quint. 4, 1, 2:

    preces,

    Ov. M. 10, 483:

    parricidia et caedes a Claudio,

    Suet. Ner. 33 et saep.—
    (β).
    With inf. (Ciceronian):

    imitabor ergo Aratum, qui magnis de rebus dicere exordiens, a Jove incipiendum putat,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 36:

    tunc dicere exorsus est,

    id. Fin. 1, 8 fin.; cf. id. Div. 2, 49, 101; and Nep. Pelop. 1 fin. —
    (γ).
    With ab (class.):

    aut ab adversarii dicto exordiemur, aut, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 1, 6, 10:

    ab ipsa re,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 320:

    a veritate, a dignitate,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 31.—
    (δ).
    Absol. (class.):

    ancilla hoc pacto exordiri coepit,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 31:

    jubent exordiri ita, ut eum, qui audiat, benevolum nobis faciamus, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 80; so,

    ita, quasi, etc., Quint. prooem. § 4: in hunc modum,

    Tac. A. 3, 50:

    his verbis,

    id. ib. 6, 6:

    clamore,

    Cic. Cael. 15, 38.
    ► exorsus, a, um, in pass. signif., begun, commenced:

    exorsa tela,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 4, 116; Visell. ap. Prisc. p. 793 P.; cf.:

    reperiunt ea, quibus ante exorsa et potius detexta prope retexantur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 158.—In the plur. subst.: exorsa, ōrum, n., a beginning, commencement:

    per ambages et longa exorsa aliquem tenere,

    a long preamble, Verg. G. 2, 45:

    sua cuique exorsa laborem Fortunamque ferent,

    beginning, undertaking, id. A. 10, 111 (opp. exitus), Amm. 14, 11, 26.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exordior

  • 8 exorsa

    ex-ordĭor, orsus, 4, v. dep. a., to begin a web, to lay the warp, to weave (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    funem longum pedes LXXII.,

    Cato R. R. 135, 4; cf.

    trop.: neque exordiri primum, unde occipias, habes, Neque detexundam ad telam certos terminos,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 7; and:

    pertexe modo, Antoni, quod exorsus es,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 145.—
    II.
    Transf., in gen., to begin, commence, esp. a speech; constr. with the acc., an inf., with ab or absol.
    (α).
    With acc. (so perh. not in Cic.):

    consilia,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 102:

    argutias adversus aliquem,

    id. Bacch. 1, 2, 19:

    facinus,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 71:

    hanc rem facete et callide,

    id. Pers. 4, 1, 7:

    bellum ab causa tam nefanda,

    Liv. 4, 17, 6:

    classicum ingenti spiritu,

    Suet. Caes. 32:

    tragoediam magno impetu,

    id. Aug. 85:

    causam,

    Quint. 4, 1, 2:

    preces,

    Ov. M. 10, 483:

    parricidia et caedes a Claudio,

    Suet. Ner. 33 et saep.—
    (β).
    With inf. (Ciceronian):

    imitabor ergo Aratum, qui magnis de rebus dicere exordiens, a Jove incipiendum putat,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 36:

    tunc dicere exorsus est,

    id. Fin. 1, 8 fin.; cf. id. Div. 2, 49, 101; and Nep. Pelop. 1 fin. —
    (γ).
    With ab (class.):

    aut ab adversarii dicto exordiemur, aut, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 1, 6, 10:

    ab ipsa re,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 320:

    a veritate, a dignitate,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 31.—
    (δ).
    Absol. (class.):

    ancilla hoc pacto exordiri coepit,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 31:

    jubent exordiri ita, ut eum, qui audiat, benevolum nobis faciamus, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 80; so,

    ita, quasi, etc., Quint. prooem. § 4: in hunc modum,

    Tac. A. 3, 50:

    his verbis,

    id. ib. 6, 6:

    clamore,

    Cic. Cael. 15, 38.
    ► exorsus, a, um, in pass. signif., begun, commenced:

    exorsa tela,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 4, 116; Visell. ap. Prisc. p. 793 P.; cf.:

    reperiunt ea, quibus ante exorsa et potius detexta prope retexantur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 158.—In the plur. subst.: exorsa, ōrum, n., a beginning, commencement:

    per ambages et longa exorsa aliquem tenere,

    a long preamble, Verg. G. 2, 45:

    sua cuique exorsa laborem Fortunamque ferent,

    beginning, undertaking, id. A. 10, 111 (opp. exitus), Amm. 14, 11, 26.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exorsa

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